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Interrogatives part 2

Interrogatives part 2

Interrogative Words and Phrases requesting answers with numerals. All of them function as nouns so that those can be used with ใฎN/ใฎ.

Those not including ใชใ‚“(except ใชใ‚“ใ•ใ„)


Example and Typical Answer

Day

Note

ใ„ใใ‚‰

ใ„ใใ‚‰ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ‹ใ€‚-500ใˆใ‚“ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ€‚

3


ใ„ใใค

ใƒใ‚šใƒณใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚

-ใ„ใคใค(or 5ใ“) ใ‹ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

/ใ„ใคใค(or 5ใ“)ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ€‚


ใ€Œใ„ใใคใ€is not a cover word for asking how many. 

most of the timeใ€Œใ„ใใคใ€ and ใ€Œใชใ‚“+counterใ€are not interchangeable. See below for information on ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใ€+counter

ใŠใจใ†ใจใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€ใ„ใใค/ใชใ‚“ใ•ใ„/ใŠใ„ใใคใฆใ‚™ ใ™ใ‹ใ€‚

ใ€Œใ„ใใคใ€and ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใ•ใ„ใ€ are neutral in politeness

ใชใ‚“ใ•ใ„

-27ใ•ใ„ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ€‚

7


ใŠใ„ใใค


7

polite expression, only for age

ใจใ‚™ใฎใใ‚‰ใ„/ใจใ‚™ใฎ ใใ‚™ใ‚‰ใ„

ใ—ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚™ใ‚…ใใˆใใพใฆใ‚™ใจใ‚™ใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ 15ใตใ‚“ใใ‚‰ใ„ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ€‚/480ใˆใ‚“ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ€‚

17

ใ€Œใจใ‚™ใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€is used for asking duration of time or cost. In answering with a neutral answer you should use ใ€Œใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ€.
If you answer with ใ€Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€, it sounds like "it costs/takes as much as"

1ใ—ใ‚™ใ‹ใ‚“ใฏใ‚“ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚/2500ๅ††ใใ‚‰ใ„ ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

Expressions of ใชใ‚“+counter/ใชใ‚“+N(always ใชใ‚“, not ใชใซ)

ใ€Œใชใ‚“+counterใ€= how many Ns 

ใชใ‚“ใ“(D46 )  /  ใชใ‚“ใซใ‚“(D10)  /  ใชใ‚“ใพใ„(D14)  /  ใชใ‚“ใŸใ‚™ใ„(D14)  /  ใชใ‚“ใปใ‚™ใ‚“(D21)  /  ใชใ‚“ใ•ใค(D24)  /  ใชใ‚“ใ‹ใ“ใ(D47)

Expressions when you ask a point of time more specifically (D5~D7). 

ใชใ‚“ใญใ‚“  /  ใชใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚™ใค  /  ใชใ‚“ใซใก  /  ใชใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ†ใฒใ‚™  /  ใชใ‚“ใ—ใ‚™/ใชใ‚“ใตใ‚šใ‚“ (ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใญใ‚“ใชใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚™ใคใ€,ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚™ใคใชใ‚“ใซใกใ€, ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใ—ใ‚™ใชใ‚“ใตใ‚šใ‚“ใ€ etc. are also possible) 

Similarly, when you ask duration of time, the following expressions are used (D17).
ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚“ใ€ is obligatory in ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“ใ€and ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใ—ใ‚™ใ‹ใ‚“ใ€but otherwise it is optional.
You can use ใชใ‚“ใญใ‚“(ใ‹ใ‚“)  /  ใชใ‚“ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚™ใค (ใ‹ใ‚“)  /  ใชใ‚“ใซใก (ใ‹ใ‚“)  /  ใชใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“  /  ใชใ‚“ใ—ใ‚™ใ‹ใ‚“ / ใชใ‚“ใตใ‚šใ‚“ (ใ‹ใ‚“) but there is no generic expression for asking duration (however you can use ใ€Œใจใ‚™ใฎใใ‚™ใ‚‰ใ„ใ€explained at point 2 below).

Remarks for further study

1) Politeness is a very important aspect of the Japanese language. 

Whether polite expressions are necessary or not depends on both superior/inferior relation and familiarity. 

For example,ใ€ŒใŠใจใ†ใจใ€in the case that the hearer's adult younger brother, the important factor is the familiarity between the speaker and the hearer. When these two persons are familiar, then ใ€Œใ„ใใค / ใชใ‚“ใ•ใ„ใ€ is preferred, while when those are in unfamiliar relation,ใ€ŒใŠใ„ใใคใ€ is preferred. 

Which one between the speaker and the brother is actually older does not matter. The same principle applies to the case of asking the age of the hearer's parents or grandparents.

2) ใ€Œใจใ‚™ใฎใใ‚‰ใ„/ใใ‚™ใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ is used for asking an approximate rather than the exact number. But the exact number can be used for the answer without ใ€Œใใ‚‰ใ„ / ใใ‚™ใ‚‰ใ„ใ€. 

Sometimes ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใจใ‚™ใ€is added like ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใจใ‚™3000ใˆใ‚“ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ€asใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใจใ‚™ใ€is roughly equivalent to English "just" that is why ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใจใ‚™2318ใˆใ‚“ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ€ is odd in most cases.

3) ใ€Œใใ‚‰ใ„/ใใ‚™ใ‚‰ใ„ใ€can be added to almost all expressions in this section.

Non-nominal interrogative words


Example and typical answer

Day

note

ใจใ‚™ใ†ใ—ใฆ

ใจใ‚™ใ†ใ—ใฆใซใปใ‚“ใธใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†ใ‹ใ‚™ใใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ -ใซใปใ‚“ใตใ‚™ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚™ใใ‚’ใ‘ใ‚“ใใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ€‚

12

Used for asking cause or purpose. We study ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ€ in Day34

ใจใ‚™ใ†ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ‹

ใจใ†ใใ‚‡ใ†ใฎใฆใ‚“ใใฏใจใ‚™ใ†ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ‹ใ€‚-ใ‚ใ‚ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ€‚

8


Other Expressions with Interrogative Words and Phrases

1) Interrogatives with ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ€

A) Interrogatives with ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ€are used for the total negation, like inใ€Œใชใซใ‚‚ใŸใธใ‚™ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€meaning "I eat nothing /I do not eat anything" (in Day 4/6).

Only interrogatives listed in "interrogatives part 1" (exceptใ€Œใ„ใคใ€), and ใ€Œใจใ‚™ใ†ใ—ใฆใ€have this usage.
Some other examples:ใ€Œใจใ‚™ใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ™ใใ—ใ‚™ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œใจใ‚™ใ“ใ‚‚ใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใฆใ‚™ใ—ใŸใ€
Case particles should be placed before ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ€ like ใ€Œใจใ‚™ใ“ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ’ใ‚™ใƒ‹ใ‹ใ‚™ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€

B) When ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ€is added to the interrogatives asking quantity, ใ€Œใ„ใใคใ€ andใ€Œใชใ‚“+counterใ€and ones asking duration of time such as ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚™ใคใ€ many/much is implied.  Such as ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใ—ใ‚™ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚‚ใ‚ฑใ‚™ใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€"I played a game (on the PC or cell phone) for many hours."(Day 30) This expression is used in positive sentences.

2) Interrogatives with ใ€Œใฆใ‚™ใ‚‚ใ€

ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€ is "always" or "usually", while ใ€Œใ„ใคใฆใ‚™ใ‚‚ใ€(D24) is "at any time" like ใ€Œใฟใ‚“ใชใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ„ใคใฆใ‚™ใ‚‚ใƒใ‚šใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’ใฏใ—ใ‚™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚™ ใฆใ‚™ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€. 

This expression can be used with all the interrogatives but only in positive sentences. ใ€Œใ“ใฎใฟใ›ใฎใ‚ทใ‚™ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผ ใƒˆ (gelato) ใฏใชใซใ‚ใ—ใ‚™ (flavour) ใฆใ‚™ใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ€‚ใ€(Case particles are placed before ใ€Œใฆใ‚™ใ‚‚ใ€, if necessary.)

2) Interrogatives with ใ€Œใ‹ใ€

This expression is used for indicating indefinite situation like English "someone" or "somewhere".(Day 20) ใ€Œใชใซใ‹ใŸใธใ‚™ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€"Would you like something to eat?"


Almost all interrogatives have this usage, the only exception at this stage of study is ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‹ใ€.
ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‹ใ€refers to sometime in future like ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‹ใƒญใƒณใƒˆใ‚™ใƒณใซใ„ใใŸใ„ใฆใ‚™ใ™ใ€and cannot refer to the time of past. 

ใ€Œใ‹ใ€should be placed immediately after the interrogative word such as ใ€ŒใŸใ‚™ใ‚Œใ‹ใฎใปใ‚“ใ€"a book of someone"

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