Words for expressing degree and quantity

1. Degree expressions with adjectives (almost all adjectives except だいじょうぶ/だいすき）

1a. objective description

1b subjective appreciation

This expression usually denotes somewhat X and that situation is unfavourable. Only adjectives implying negative appreciation can be used in positive forms.
「きょうとはすこしさむかったです」”Kyoto was a little bit cold, then unsuitable for tourism." 「このスープはちょっとしょっぱいです」"This soup is a little bit salty and not delicious"

2. with verbs

2a referring to frequency (with almost all verbs)

2b referring to quantity or the total amount of action

examples of verbs あそびます/あらいます/うたいます/おくります/おしえます/およぎます・・・)

2c referring to degree, most of the verbs included are adjective-like verbs.

examples of verbs いそぎます/おなかがすきます/かかります(in case of time)/がんばります/つかれます/のどがかわきます

2d referring to the result of action or the changed state(much narrower than English"well")

examples of verbs あらいます/がんばります/できます/はたらきます/わかります/べんきょうします

Note

1) The classification of verbs is provisional and sometimes some of the verbs do not co-occur with all the adverbial expressions in the section included.

2) 「だいたい」(similar to"almost") assumes the total amount is recognizable. Then its use is determined not only by the verbs themselves but also by the context involved. For example, 「たくさんあるきます」 makes sense by itself, while 「だ いたいあるきます」 can be interpreted only as a frequency expression. 

However, if you say 「だいたい1kmあるきました」 then 「だいたい」 can be interpreted as an expression of quantity. 

「わかります」is an exceptional verb in that there is less context restriction so that it can often co-occur with 「だいたい」:「かんじはむずかしいですが、カタカナはだいたいわかります」。

You can download this cheat sheet here,